Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre, normally known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre was a French existentialist philosopher and pioneer, dramatist and screenwriter, novelist and critic. He was a leading figure in 20th century French philosophy. On 22 October 1964 Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but he declined it, stating that “It is not the same thing if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre or if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre, Nobel Prize winner. A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honorable form.” He was the first Nobel Laureate to voluntarily decline the Nobel Prize; he had previously refused the Légion d’honneur, in 1945.
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